Resumo: Paul Ricoeur propõe uma filosofia do símbolo, que se encontra no limiar da inserção da hermenêutica em sua filosofia. Decisiva para esta fase, foi a interpelação de outras disciplinas que se constituíram por meio da análise da linguagem simbólica, entre as quais se encontra a antropologia estrutural de Lévi-Strauss. Dessa forma, definimos os termos mais específicos do diálogo estabelecido entre Paul Ricoeur e Claude Lévi-Strauss sobre a análise da linguagem simbólica do mito. Esta pesquisa nos auxiliou a compreender melhor (...) a fase de abertura da hermenêutica ricoeuriana e suas aproximações e afastamentos com o estruturalismo lévi-straussiano, tão difundido em nosso campo acadêmico. Palavras-chave: Hermenêutica; Estruturalismo; Símbolo. Convergent divergence: the dialogue between Paul Ricoeur and Claude Lévi-Strauss Abstract: Paul Ricoeur proposes a philosophy of the symbol, which is on the threshold of the insertion of hermeneutics in his philosophy. Decisive for this phase, was to put forward the question to other disciplines that played an essential role in the analysis of symbolic language, among which is the structural anthropology of Lévi-Strauss. Thus, the terms - more specific to the dialogue established between Paul Ricoeur and Claude Lévi-Strauss on the analysis of the symbolic language of myth - were defined. Finally, this research provides a better understanding of the opening phase of the Ricoeur’s hermeneutics as well as its alignments and divergences with the structuralism of Lévi-Strauss so widespread in the academic field. Keywords: Hermeneutics; Structuralism; Symbol. Divergencia convergente: el diálogo entre Paul Ricoeur y Claude Lévi-Strauss Resumen: Paul Ricoeur propone una filosofía del símbolo, que se encuentra en el umbral de la inserción de la hermenéutica en su filosofía. Decisivo para esta fase fue la interpelación de otras disciplinas que se constituyeron a partir del análisis del lenguaje simbólico, entre las que se encuentra la antropología estructural de Lévi-Strauss. Definimos así los términos específicos del diálogo establecido entre Paul Ricoeur y Claude Lévi-Strauss sobre el análisis del lenguaje simbólico del mito. Esta investigación nos ayudó a comprender mejor la fase de apertura de la hermenéutica ricoeuriana y sus aproximaciones y alejamientos del estructuralismo lévi-straussiano, tan difundido en nuestro campo académico. Palabras clave: Hermenéutica; Estructuralismo; Símbolo. Data de registro: 04/10/2022 Data de aceite: 01/02/2023. (shrink)

O crescente desenvolvimento das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) vem trazendo mudanças significativas nas tarefas realizadas no cotidiano. O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar como a inclusão digital pode favorecer o empoderamento, a qualidade de vida e o bem-estar das pessoas. Constitui uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada em bases de dados científicas. Como critérios de inclusão, optou-se por artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos (2011 – 2020), em português, inglês e espanhol. O levantamento bibliográfico localizou 47 artigos, (...) dentre os quais nove atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e foram analisados. Os resultados indicaram que a inclusão digital está positivamente associada à qualidade de vida, e essa a índices mais elevados de educação, saúde e segurança econômica. Identificou-se também fatores limitantes ao empoderamento das mulheres e idosos. (shrink)

In this paper it is championed that a two stages hypothesis for the evolution of language must take into account a qualified approach to heterochrony and the available information from the archaeological record. As it seems, a protracted childhood and youth was already at work in Homo erectus, but early postnatal brain growth was only available to Homo sapiens. According to these facts, the term hysteron proteron is given here to the reversal that sets off linguistic capacity during the first (...) three years of life, upon the ancient abilities for social, natural and technological knowledge, which were already established during the last 2 Mya BP. The unfolding of linguistic capacity creates the typical effect that ontogeny reverses phylogeny: since late postnatal brain growth, quite recent in evolution, launches in ontogeny before the phylogenetically old processes of playing and learning take place during childhood and youth. Full symbolic abilities may be explained as emerging from older semiotic competences based on iconicity and indexicality, which would have presumably sustained human life for millennia. Furthermore, it is argued that the formation of linguistic categories follows from that overlaying of extended connectivity linked to early postnatal brain growth, inasmuch as it entangles and transforms previous iconic and referential information: i.e. the ancient semiotic capacities for proprioception, embodiment, extended mimesis and pragmatic knowledge, shaping a sort of self-organization process that provides the formal and semantic properties we find in articulated languages. (shrink)

Beta integrals for several non-integer values of the exponents were calculated by Leonhard Euler in 1730, when he was trying to find the general term for the factorial function by means of an algebraic expression. Nevertheless, 70 years before, Pietro Mengoli (1626–1686) had computed such integrals for natural and half-integer exponents in his Geometriae Speciosae Elementa (1659) and Circolo(1672) and displayed the results in triangular tables. In particular, his new arithmetic–algebraic method allowed him to compute the quadrature of the circle. (...) The aim of this article is to show how Mengoli calculated the values of these integrals as well as how he analysed the relation between these values and the exponents inside the integrals. This analysis provides new insights into Mengoli’s view of his algorithmic computation of quadratures. (shrink)

El presente trabajo plantea el sentido y el uso de los retruécanos tomados como parte del conocimiento lingüístico, tratando de reconstruir desde ese punto de partida el yugo viquiano de los saberes , y dotando de contenido el lado filológico. El trabajo destaca aportaciones contemporáneas congeniales con el planteamiento viquiano, e insiste particularmente en el significado de la ironía y en las analogías como construcciones retóricas del conocimiento lingüístico. Entre las conclusiones, cabe señalar las consecuencias que se derivan de una (...) interpretación radical del contacto entre literatura y discurso.The present paper discusses the meaning and use of puns considered as part of linguistic knowledge. It starts from the Viquian bond of learning, i.e. philosphy and philology, trying to give dimensions and content to the philological side. In this spirit, the paper refers to different contemporary approaches that match the Vichian program. Particularly, this paper defends irony and play as rhetorical devices and analogy as a parallel form of creativity. On of the conclusions appeals to the consequences we may infer form a radical interpretation of the contact between literature and discourse. (shrink)

This paper emphasizes the crucial role of variation, at several different levels, for a detailed historical understanding of the development of the biomedical sciences. Going beyond valuable recent studies that focus on model organisms, experimental systems and instruments, we argue that all of these categories can be accommodated within our approach, which pays special attention to organismal and cultural variation. Our empirical examples are drawn in particular from recent historical studies of nineteenth- and early twentieth-century genetics and physiology. Based on (...) the quasi-paradoxical conclusion that biological and cultural variation both constrains and enables innovation in the biomedical sciences, we argue that more attention should be paid to variation as an analytical category in the historiography of the life sciences. (shrink)

A Path With Heart. A Guide through the Perils and Promises of Spiritual Life. Jack Kornfield. Rider, London 1994. xii, 352 pp. £12.99. ISBN 0-7126-7430-6.

Eu assim, como muitos educandos, compartilho a ideia de que deve acontecer um vínculo entre professor e estudante para que o processo de ensino e aprendizado seja bemsucedido. Quando criamos um vínculo com um professor, nos afeiçoamos mais à disciplina. O Padre Amadeu foi uma exceção à minha pretensa regra juvenil: embora eu tenha sido sua aluna em única disciplina, História da Filosofia do Medievo,, foi o suficiente para estabelecer um elo que se mantém. Isso porque o Padre (...) class='Hi'>Amadeu é aquele professor que cativa os alunos pelo seu jeito pausado e pacífico de falar associado à sua voz de radialista e as palavras de incentivo. Não sei ao certo se essas são características do perfil de professor que ele escolheu ser, ou por ser padre, ou ambos. (shrink)

O primeiro contato aconteceu na sala 305 do CCHL. Era o período letivo acadêmico de 2002/01. Uns quatro ou cinco minutos depois das dezoito horas entra aquele senhor calvo e de óculos. Coloca sua pasta sobre a mesa, acomoda uns textos fotocopiados próximo à pasta; se apresenta. Depois de um sonoro “boa noite”, e de falar o nome da disciplina, diz seu nome: Amadeu Matias. Era o Padre Amadeu. Dezoito anos passaram. Mas ainda ressoa na memória o timbre (...) grave da voz, o riso contagiante e o passo eloquente do seu discurso. Tive o prazer de ser aluno do Padre Amadeu em duas disciplinas que aconteciam sequencialmente uma depois do horário da outra. O ano de ingresso dele na função de professor efetivo da UFPI foi o ano de 2002. Acredito que isso faz de mim um dos membros do grupo de alunas/alunos que pertenceram à primeira turma do Departamento de Filosofia que o Padre Amadeu ministrou aluas. As disciplinas eram Filosofia Medieval e Filosofia da Religião. (shrink)

Geison's model of a research school is applied to the case of Agnes Chase, agrostologist at the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, and curator, U.S. National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution. Chase developed a geographically dispersed research school in systematic agrostology across the Americas in the first half of the twentieth century. Despite her gender-based lack of institutional power, Chase used her scientific expertise, mentoring skills, and relationships based on women's groups to develop a cohesive school of (...) grass specialists focused on her research program to collect, observe, describe, identify, and classify the grasses of the Americas. Geison's model is extended to encompass geographically dispersed schools led by a non-university based mentor without institutional power. (shrink)

Among the literature of the 1970s which enthusiastically emphasized the externalist approach to the history of science was an article by John Farley and Gerald L. Geison which has often been referred to. It gave an interpretation of the spontaneous generation debate of 1859–64 between Louis Pasteur and Félix A. Pouchet, which suggests that Pasteur's victory was largely due to religious and political factors which favoured him rather than to experimental evidence. Although this view has been challenged by Nils (...) Roll-Hansen, no historian has yet appreciated the full context of the debate which involves the French Academy of Sciences. The Academy had fostered research through prize-questions on spontanteous generation and related issues for nearly twenty years. This new evidence radically alters the feasibility of Pouchet's support for spontaneous generation.A closer examination of Pouchet's writings shows that his religious beliefs influenced his work at least as much as in the case of Pasteur. Pouchet's deeply held commitment to spontaneous generation was not open to modification in the light of new experimental evidence. It was therefore a clear case of a research programme which was not ‘progressive’ and did not deserve to succeed. (shrink)

As the most famous woman scientist of the twentieth century, there has been no shortage of books and articles on the life and career of Marie Curie . Her role as a director of a laboratory-based research school in the new scientific field of radioactivity, a field which embraced both chemistry and physics, however, has never been examined. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the question of research schools, and Morrell, Ravetz, Geison, and Klosterman, amongst (...) others, have written on this subject. Using, in part, the methodology of Morrell, this paper investigates the role of Marie Curie as a school director in the Paris Faculty in the years 1907–14, examining the work and characteristics of her school and assessing her effectiveness as a director. (shrink)

Delphica 1 The building accounts of Delphi again and the reconstruction of the temple of Apollon in the 4th century BC Years of concerted effort with the architect E. Hansen have led to a reexamination of the accounts of Delphi relative to the reconstruction of the temple of Apollon in the 4th century BC. Seeking to determine avec precision certain procedures, such as the awarding of the works, has led to modified textual restitutions, notably concerning prices, as well as translations, (...) such as of the word syggrophos (specifications more frequently than contract). Principal suggestions regarding architectural matters. The selides were slabs destined for the geison. The angle pieces of this geison were in place when, starting in 338, they were replaced by larger elements. On the contrary, those of the frize of the sekos, which were replaced at the same time, had not been mounted. Moreover, the walls, constructed after the peristyle, did not carry the woodwork before 335, acquisition date of the cypress wood destined for this purpose. (shrink)

Louis Pasteur’s defeat of belief in spontaneous generation has been a classical rationalist example of how the experimental approach of modern science can reveal superstition. Farley and Geison told a counter-story of how Pasteur’s success was due to political and ideological support rather than superior experimental science. They claimed that Pasteur violated proper norms of scientific method, and that the French Academy of Science did not see this, or did not want to. Farley and Geison argued that Pouchet’s (...) experiments were as valid as those of Pasteur. In this paper I argue that the core of the scientific debate was not general theories for or against spontaneous generation but the outcome of specific experiments. It was on the conduct of these experiments that the Academy made judgements favorable to Pasteur. Claude Bernard was a colleague of Pasteur, supportive and sometimes critical. I argue that Bernard’s fact-oriented methodology of “experimental medicine” is a better guide to explaining the controversy than the hypothetic-deductive view of scientific method typical of logical empiricism. (shrink)